— Invisible String ( Taylor Swift, Folklore )

All of this for a lousy 2

Shiiiett

What is a Wormhole?

Wormholes were first theorized in 1916, though that wasn’t what they were called at the time. While reviewing another physicist’s solution to the equations in Albert Einstein’s theory of general relativity, Austrian physicist Ludwig Flamm realized another solution was possible. He described a “white hole,” a theoretical time reversal of a black hole. Entrances to both black and white holes could be connected by a space-time conduit.

In 1935, Einstein and physicist Nathan Rosen used the theory of general relativity to elaborate on the idea, proposing the existence of “bridges” through space-time. These bridges connect two different points in space-time, theoretically creating a shortcut that could reduce travel time and distance. The shortcuts came to be called Einstein-Rosen bridges, or wormholes.

Certain solutions of general relativity allow for the existence of wormholes where the mouth of each is a black hole. However, a naturally occurring black hole, formed by the collapse of a dying star, does not by itself create a wormhole.

Wormholes are consistent with the general theory of relativity, but whether wormholes actually exist remains to be seen.

A wormhole could connect extremely long distances such as a billion light years or more, short distances such as a few meters, different universes, or different points in time

For a simplified notion of a wormhole, space can be visualized as a two-dimensional (2D) surface. In this case, a wormhole would appear as a hole in that surface, lead into a 3D tube (the inside surface of a cylinder), then re-emerge at another location on the 2D surface with a hole similar to the entrance. An actual wormhole would be analogous to this, but with the spatial dimensions raised by one. For example, instead of circular holes on a 2D plane, the entry and exit points could be visualized as spheres in 3D space.

Science fiction is filled with tales of traveling through wormholes. But the reality of such travel is more complicated, and not just because we’ve yet to spot one.

The first problem is size. Primordial wormholes are predicted to exist on microscopic levels, about 10–33 centimeters. However, as the universe expands, it is possible that some may have been stretched to larger sizes.

Another problem comes from stability. The predicted Einstein-Rosen wormholes would be useless for travel because they collapse quickly.

“You would need some very exotic type of matter in order to stabilize a wormhole,” said Hsu, “and it’s not clear whether such matter exists in the universe.”

But more recent research found that a wormhole containing “exotic” matter could stay open and unchanging for longer periods of time.

Exotic matter, which should not be confused with dark matter or antimatter, contains negative energy density and a large negative pressure. Such matter has only been seen in the behavior of certain vacuum states as part of quantum field theory.

If a wormhole contained sufficient exotic matter, whether naturally occurring or artificially added, it could theoretically be used as a method of sending information or travelers through space. Unfortunately, human journeys through the space tunnels may be challenging.

Wormholes may not only connect two separate regions within the universe, they could also connect two different universes. Similarly, some scientists have conjectured that if one mouth of a wormhole is moved in a specific manner, it could allow for time travel.

Although adding exotic matter to a wormhole might stabilize it to the point that human passengers could travel safely through it, there is still the possibility that the addition of “regular” matter would be sufficient to destabilize the portal.

Today’s technology is insufficient to enlarge or stabilize wormholes, even if they could be found. However, scientists continue to explore the concept as a method of space travel with the hope that technology will eventually be able to utilize them.

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𝙒𝙝𝙖𝙩 𝙝𝙖𝙥𝙥𝙚𝙣𝙚𝙙 𝙩𝙤 𝙆𝙚𝙣𝙣𝙮?

Whilst exploring the deserts of Nevada, avid hiker Kenny Veach came across what he described as an “M shaped Cave”. 47-year-old Veach was so excited about the discovery, that he wrote a lengthy YouTube comment on a video titled “Son of Area 51 Technician”, detailing his experience. Using the screen name SnakeBitMgee, Kenny explains how his “whole body began to vibrate” and that he got so scared, he decided to “hightail it out of there.” Kenny’s comment became viral, with other users encouraging him to go back there to explore the mystery of this unusual M shaped cave, so he did. Armed with a 9mm handgun and a video camera, Kenny explored the cave and uploaded this youtube video. 

The video is over 20 minutes long and it shows a happy looking Kenny exploring the location where he found the cave. To his dismay, the mystery cave is gone. His video was met with criticism from his disappointed subscribers, and it seemed as though Kenny was just faking the whole thing. However, one comment was particularly ominous, as it foretold Kenny’s fate. It read: “No! Do not go back there. If you find that cave entrance, don’t go in, you won’t get out.”

Ultimately, that is exactly what happened. Or so we think. On November 10th, 2014, Kenny set out for his last hike. He told his girlfriend that he would be staying out overnight and would return the next morning. He never did. Kenny Veach was reported missing, and an extensive search commenced. A few days after he vanished, Kenny’s cell phone was found by the old mine-shaft featured on his YouTube video. After that, the trail goes cold. 

There have been no sightings, nor any shred of forensic evidence that might give Kenny’s loved ones some hope. Could he have fallen to his death down there? That may be the case, although another theory suggests that he got lost in the newly discovered M shaped cave. Kenny was an experienced spelunker and hiker, but even experts can run into difficulty and perhaps mortal peril. To this day, neither Kenny Veach nor the M shaped cave have been found. Some people believe that he stumbled upon a secret entrance to Area 51, others think he succumbed to the elements. Whatever the truth, Kenny’s disappearance remains a frustrating mystery.

ThAnK yOu ....LEGeNdS.. ..... ...... 👽👽👽👽👽👽

Legends forever.............Greatest Of All Time!!!!

Legends forEvEr...........GreateSt oF AlL TimE!!!

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.and all living and other physicists, biologist, mathematicians, logician, philosopher, engineers, other fields artists and all peoples - THANK YOU FOR YOUR INCREDIBLE CONTRIBUTION..

Happy Birthday, Albert Einstein! Genius Scientist Turns 140 Years Old Today.

The year 1905 came to be known as Einstein’s Miracle Year. He was 26 years old, and in that year he published four papers that reshaped physics. 

Photoelectric effect

The first explained what’s called the photoelectric effect – one of the bases for modern-day electronics – with practical applications including television. His paper on the photoelectric effect helped pave the way for quantum mechanics by establishing that light is both a particle and a wave. For this work, Einstein was later awarded a Nobel Prize in physics.

Brownian motion 

Another 1905 paper related to Brownian motion. In it, Einstein stated that the seemingly random motion of particles in a fluid (Brownian motion) was a predictable, measurable part of the movement of atoms and molecules. This helped establish the Kinetic Molecular Theory of Heat, which says that, if you heat something, its molecules begin to vibrate. At this same time, Einstein provided definitive confirmation that atoms and molecules actually exist.

Special relativity

Also in 1905, Einstein published his Special Theory of Relativity. Before it, space, time and mass all seemed to be absolutes – the same for everyone. Einstein showed that different people perceive mass, space and time differently, but that these effects don’t show up until you start moving nearly at the speed of light. Then you find, for example, that time on a swiftly moving spaceship slows down, while the mass of the ship increases. According to Einstein, a spaceship traveling at the speed of light would have infinite mass, and a body of infinite mass also has infinite resistance to motion. And that’s why nothing can accelerate to a speed faster than light speed. Because of Einstein’s special relativity, light is now seen as an absolute in a universe of shifting values for space, time and matter.

Mass-energy equivalence

The fourth 1905 paper stated that mass and energy are equivalent. You perhaps know something of this work in Einstein’s famous equation E=mc2. That equation means that energy (E) is equal to mass (m) multiplied by the speed of light © squared. Sound simple? It is, in a way. It means that matter and energy are the same thing. It’s also very profound, in part because the speed of light is a huge number. As shown by the equation, a small amount of mass can be converted into a large amount of energy … as in atomic bombs. It’s this same conversion of mass to energy, by the way, that causes stars to shine.

But Einstein didn’t stop there. As early as 1911, he’d predicted that light passing near a large mass, such as a star, would be bent. That idea led to his General Theory of Relativity in 1916.

This paper established the modern theory of gravitation and gave us the notion of curved space. Einstein showed, for example, that small masses such as planets form dimples in space-time that hardly affect the path of starlight. But big masses such as stars produce measurably curved space.

The fact that the curved space around our sun was measurable let other scientists prove Einstein’s theory. In 1919, two expeditions organized by Arthur Eddington photographed stars near the sun made visible during a solar eclipse. The displacement of these stars with respect to their true positions on the celestial sphere showed that the sun’s gravity does cause space to curve so that starlight traveling near the sun is bent from its original path. This observation confirmed Einstein’s theory, and made Einstein a household name. 

Source (read more) posts about Einstein

Pan (moon of Saturn) - March 07 2017

NASA/JPL-Caltech/SSI/Kevin M. Gill