The Most Beautiful Words In The English Language

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What is a Wormhole?

Wormholes were first theorized in 1916, though that wasn’t what they were called at the time. While reviewing another physicist’s solution to the equations in Albert Einstein’s theory of general relativity, Austrian physicist Ludwig Flamm realized another solution was possible. He described a “white hole,” a theoretical time reversal of a black hole. Entrances to both black and white holes could be connected by a space-time conduit.

In 1935, Einstein and physicist Nathan Rosen used the theory of general relativity to elaborate on the idea, proposing the existence of “bridges” through space-time. These bridges connect two different points in space-time, theoretically creating a shortcut that could reduce travel time and distance. The shortcuts came to be called Einstein-Rosen bridges, or wormholes.

Certain solutions of general relativity allow for the existence of wormholes where the mouth of each is a black hole. However, a naturally occurring black hole, formed by the collapse of a dying star, does not by itself create a wormhole.

Wormholes are consistent with the general theory of relativity, but whether wormholes actually exist remains to be seen.

A wormhole could connect extremely long distances such as a billion light years or more, short distances such as a few meters, different universes, or different points in time

For a simplified notion of a wormhole, space can be visualized as a two-dimensional (2D) surface. In this case, a wormhole would appear as a hole in that surface, lead into a 3D tube (the inside surface of a cylinder), then re-emerge at another location on the 2D surface with a hole similar to the entrance. An actual wormhole would be analogous to this, but with the spatial dimensions raised by one. For example, instead of circular holes on a 2D plane, the entry and exit points could be visualized as spheres in 3D space.

Science fiction is filled with tales of traveling through wormholes. But the reality of such travel is more complicated, and not just because we’ve yet to spot one.

The first problem is size. Primordial wormholes are predicted to exist on microscopic levels, about 10–33 centimeters. However, as the universe expands, it is possible that some may have been stretched to larger sizes.

Another problem comes from stability. The predicted Einstein-Rosen wormholes would be useless for travel because they collapse quickly.

“You would need some very exotic type of matter in order to stabilize a wormhole,” said Hsu, “and it’s not clear whether such matter exists in the universe.”

But more recent research found that a wormhole containing “exotic” matter could stay open and unchanging for longer periods of time.

Exotic matter, which should not be confused with dark matter or antimatter, contains negative energy density and a large negative pressure. Such matter has only been seen in the behavior of certain vacuum states as part of quantum field theory.

If a wormhole contained sufficient exotic matter, whether naturally occurring or artificially added, it could theoretically be used as a method of sending information or travelers through space. Unfortunately, human journeys through the space tunnels may be challenging.

Wormholes may not only connect two separate regions within the universe, they could also connect two different universes. Similarly, some scientists have conjectured that if one mouth of a wormhole is moved in a specific manner, it could allow for time travel.

Although adding exotic matter to a wormhole might stabilize it to the point that human passengers could travel safely through it, there is still the possibility that the addition of “regular” matter would be sufficient to destabilize the portal.

Today’s technology is insufficient to enlarge or stabilize wormholes, even if they could be found. However, scientists continue to explore the concept as a method of space travel with the hope that technology will eventually be able to utilize them.

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Saint Veronica with the Veil (Original piece by Mattia Preti c.1655-1660) Touched by Clayshaper

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Albert Einstein teaching at Lincoln, the United State's first Historical Black University, 1946.

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Crush by Richard Siken // Two Girls in Bed by Henri De Toulouse-Lautrec // “Washing Machine Heart” by Mitski // David Altmejd // Wasted by Marya Hornbacher // Embrace Painting by Peter Wever

Apollo 14 Arrives in Lunar Orbit on Feb. 4, 1971 via NASA https://ift.tt/39OY4p2

This is the Maiden of Llullaillaco, an Incredibly Well-Preserved Child Sacrifice from the Incan Empire around 500 years ago. 

The Maiden of Llullaillaco, sacrificed at around the age of 15, was discovered with the other “Children of Llullaillaco” which includes a 6 year old girl and a 7 year old boy.

These mummies are so well preserved due to their position within a tomb atop a mountain within the extremely dry Atacama Desert. They are so well preserved, that their internal organs are intact, individual hairs on the arms can be seen and even one of the heart’s still contains frozen blood.

The deaths of the three children occurred by drugging the children with alcohol and coca, then placing them in the tomb where they eventually died in their sleep. This appears to have been a very well prepared process, as hair samples dictated that the children had extremely rich diets leading up to their deaths. The tombs were also adorned with elaborate dress and trinkets.

The boy however, faced a different death that could’ve indicated struggle or a different burial process. The boy was very tightly bound, and had dislocated hips and ribs and it appears he died under stress as the clothing contains both vomit and blood. Suffocation is the likely cause of his death due to the way he was bound.