This isn’t my type of post but Net Neutrality is so important.
Forget your page’s aesthetic, share this with everyone you know. Without Net Neutrality, the internet itself would change.
Companies would be able to charge websites if they want them to load faster than others on your computer. This means that they would purposefully bottleneck speeds on every website that doesn’t have the funding to pay for it faster speed. There’s NO reason for this. Are you a small business with a website and can’t afford to pay enough to get faster speeds? Too bad. Are you someone with a personal blog? Slow page loading. Do you want to view a website written by a nonprofit organization for your school project? You’ll have to wait until the page loads because, since they’re nonprofit, they can’t afford to pay enough to cable companies so that their page loads faster.
An alternative to this would be having to pay for faster internet. Internet service should be priced by usage, not speed. For home internet, unlimited use isn’t all that expensive so it’s really common. You wouldn’t want to pay extra for more speed.
This would possibly affect the way that the internet works on other devices such as your phone, gaming system, laptop, tablet, etc.
We NEED Net Neutrality.
If a company doesn’t agree with a specific website, they could purposefully limit traffic to their site. This would be censorship, something that nobody likes.
There are many other reason as to why you should protect Net Neutrality.
This is an issue whether you’re a Republican, Democrat, Left-wing, Right-wing, young, old, male, female, rich, poor, etc.
EVERYONE SHOULD ADVOCATE FOR NET NEUTRALITY.
Part 39
Burning some steel wool [x]
Me on October 31st, 11:59 PM:
Me on November 1st, 12:00 AM:
I threw all the (currently) released sheet music together so you don’t have to pull up the videos each time. Each one should print nicely as well!
Blue morpho butterfly
I double dog dare you
Reblog if you want a terrible, 3 sentence fan fiction in your ask, based on your url
This must be magic
oh god what did i do
IT SUMMONS MAIL EVERYONE TRY IT
So, yeah, this is a list of all the videos I could find featuring the listed characters of @markiplier . It took me more than an hour and MAN I’m tired! but I think it was worth it!
If there are any other characters or videos you guys think I missed, please let me know :3
HOWEVER. in the case of Darkiplier, when it comes to pre-Date w/ Markiplier videos, I only listed the videos that Mark has pretty much confirmed Darkiplier is featured in. Yes, there are plenty of videos of Mark being creepy, but unless Mark says otherwise, that does not necessarily make it a Darkiplier video. But in general, the videos on this list have to fall under the following criteria:
The character featured has to be made by Mark (as in the case of Wilford Warfstache or Jim)
If the character is not made by Mark, Mark needs to have made the character his own, typically by featuring the character in his own skits (as in the case of Ed Edgar or the Host, both of whom were created by Cyndago)
If you’re still wondering why certain videos or characters aren’t featured on this list, check out my other list, which has videos and characters that don’t quite fit this criteria.
So, without further ado…
Origins of Wilford Warfstache and Darkplier(?)
Who Killed Markiplier? - Chapter 1 (Oct 10, 2017) Who Killed Markiplier? - Chapter 2 (Oct 11, 2017) Who Killed Markiplier? - Chapter 3 (Oct 12, 2017) Who Killed Markiplier? - The Final Chapter (Oct 13, 2017)
Wilford Warfstache
The Fall of Slenderman - In his debut, Wilford Warfstache interviews the once feared Slenderman (Nov 9, 2012) The Warfstache Affair - Caught in an affair with another man’s wife, Warfstache responds to the problem the only way he knows how (Jun 12, 2013) Warfstache Plays: Slender - Just what it says on the tin (Oct 16, 2013) The Ned Affair [feat. MARKIPLIER] - In this sequel to the Warfstache Affair, Wilford Warfstache must face justice for what he’s done (Aug 26, 2014) Five Nights at Freddy’s: The Interview - Wilford Warfstache interviews everyone’s favourite disembodied voice, Phone Guy (Mar 7, 2015) Warfstache Interviews Markiplier - Just what it says on the tin (Sep 13, 2015) MORE? - In this choice from a Date With Markiplier, Wilford Warfstache gets you to ask the real question (Feb 14, 2017) Markiplier TV - Warfstache acts as a gameshow host and poses a revolutionary idea to his colleagues (May 5, 2017)
Outliers
Amnesia: Rain | Part 6 (Final) | ENDGAME - Mark wears a pink mustache and plays around with his Warfstache voice (Apr 3, 2013) Markiplier Animated | WARFSTACHE - An animation of the above video (Dec 3, 2014) WARFSTACHE RIDES AGAIN | Critical Annihilation - Mark plays with a Wilford Warfstache avatar and talks a bit about the character (Feb 26, 2016)
Darkiplier
Don’t blink - dont turn around (Jun 19, 2012) Don’t move - (Jul 4, 2012) relax - Mark just wants to chill for his 14 million sub celebration, but someone has other ideas (Aug 13, 2016) HORROR - In this choice from a Date With Markiplier, Darkiplier makes his official debut, and he’s missed you very much (Feb 14, 2017) FREEDOM! - In this ‘choice’ from a Date With Markiplier, Darkiplier is prepared to provide you a worthy date (Feb 14, 2017) LEFT - In this choice from a Date With Markiplier, you shot Darkiplier… Right? (Feb 14, 2017) RIGHT - In this choice from a Date With Markiplier, you shot Darkiplier… Right? (Feb 14, 2017) Don’t Play This Game - Watch as Mark submits to the madness of a nonsensical ‘game’ (Apr 16, 2017) Markiplier TV - Darkiplier gives his thoughts on Wilford Warfstache’s revolutionary idea (May 5, 2017) DARKIPLIER vs ANTISEPTICEYE - Who will win the ultimate evil YouTuber showdown? (Jul 28, 2017)
Outliers
The Voice of Darkiplier | Markiplier ReMIX - Listen to Darkiplier’s dulcet voice in this Markiplier Recognized ™ remix by Day By Dave (Jun 29, 2017) THANK YOU TO @fandomfangirlworld FOR POINTING THIS ONE OUT TO ME
Googleplier
Google IN REAL LIFE | ft. Markiplier - Google is thwarted in this Matthias edition of Googleplier’s debut (Oct 31, 2014) Google IRL - Google is defeated in this Markiplier edition of Googleplier’s debut (Oct 31, 2014) 360 VIDEO | Let’s Play Minecraft | Part 1 - Google restates his primary objective (Apr 1, 2017) Markiplier TV - Google gives his thoughts on Wilford Warfstache’s revolutionary idea (May 5, 2017) Google Gets An Upgrade - Google receives a visit from Bing while in the middle of an upgrade (May 20, 2017)
Dr. Iplier
Worst News Doctor - In his official debut, Dr. Iplier delivers a LOT of bad news to a young patient (Oct 27, 2013) Markiplier TV - Dr. Iplier continues to deliver bad news and gives his thoughts on Wilford Warfstache’s revolutionary idea (May 5, 2017)
Outliers
Surgeon Simulator 2013 - A playlist of Mark’s Surgeon Simulator playthroughs, from which come a lot of Dr. Iplier’s catch phrases Markiplier Animated | Surgeon Simulator - An animation of one of the above playthroughs (Jun 13, 2013) Markiplier Animated | SHUT UP NURSE!! - A continuation of the above animation (Jun 27, 2013) Markiplier Animated | MEET THE MEDIPLIER - An animation of one of the above playthroughs TF2 ‘Meet the Medic’ kinda style (Apr 19, 2014) Surgeon Simulator IN REAL LIFE - Mark applies Surgeon Simulator in the real world (May 10, 2016)
The Host
Danger in Fiction [feat. MARKIPLIER] - In his debut, the Host struggles with an uncooperative character as he attempts to narrate a story (Feb 6, 2013) Danger In Fiction | Chapter II - In this sequel to Danger in Fiction, the Host tries to narrate a new story with a new, if equally uncooperative, character (Aug 20, 2013) Danger in Fiction: The Host - An incredibly short preview of what was going to be a third installment of Danger in Fiction; features the Host in his blindfold and jacket for the first time, preparing to narrate something new (May 9, 2015) THANK YOU TO @fountain-of-muse FOR POINTING THIS ONE OUT TO ME Markiplier TV - The Host narrates as Wilford Warfstache pitches his revolutionary idea (May 5, 2017)
Outliers
Markiplier Makes: Fan Fiction (animated by Kayroos_) - Mark opens the video wearing his Host jacket and makes a few brief references to the character (Aug 5, 2017)
Jim News
Markiplier TV - In their debut, Jim and Jim cover various disaster reports and weather reports (May 5, 2017) CORPSE ABDUCTION? - In the midst of the Who Killed Markiplier mystery, Jim and Jim enter the scene of the crime to get the main scoop (Oct 10 or Oct 14, 2017) SUSPECT WITH A SHOOTY?! - Continuing their investigation, Jim and Jim tail the possible murderer (Oct 11 or 14, 2017) DEMONS JIM, DEMONS!! - Continuing their investigation, Jim and Jim attempt to contact the demons contained within the murder house (Oct 12 or 14, 2017) DUMMY JIM REENACTS GRISLY SCENE! - Jim and Jim conclude their investigation with the help of Dummy Jim (Oct 13 or 14, 2017)
King of the Squirrels
King of the Squirrels - In his debut, the King smears peanut butter on his face in celebration of 80,000 subs (Jan 23, 2013) King of the Squirrels Returns - The King is sick, but he is still the King! (Mar 26, 2015) Markiplier TV - The King crashes the conference while Wilford Warfstache is receiving feedback on his revolutionary idea (May 5, 2017)
Bim Trimmer
Hire My Ass [feat. Markiplier, Danny Sexbang, & Matthias] - Bim Trimmer acts as the host to the ever popular game show that gives you the chance to win your dream job (Dec 10, 2014) Markiplier TV - Bim Trimmer gives his thoughts on Wilford Warfstache’s revolutionary idea (May 5, 2017)
The Silver Shepherd
Super Infidelity - The intrepid superhero Silver Shepherd finds out that his dame may be cheating on him, but with who? (Jun 3, 2014) Markiplier TV - The Silver Shepherd takes a break from fighting crime to pursue a job in entertainment and gives his thoughts on Wilford Warfstache’s revolutionary idea (May 5, 2017)
Ed Edgar
Ed Edgar Adoptallott’s Baby Bulk Buy - Ed Edgar’s sellin’ babies and today he’s got a special offer! (Mar 24, 2015) Markiplier TV - Ed Edgar gives his thoughts on Wilford Warfstache’s revolutionary idea and he still has a special offer (May 5, 2017)
Dapperplier
A Gentlemen’s Dispute feat. CaptainSparklez - Dapperplier and Jordapper look to settle their differences in the most civilized way possible (Jul 21, 2014) GENTLEMEN’S DISPUTE w/ Markiplier - See Jordapper’s version of the above video (Jul 21, 2014) REMATCH OF THE CENTURY | Max Gentlemen w/ Captain Sparklez - Dapperplier and Jordapper have fallen low and look to regain their honor in the most civilized way possible (Feb 10, 2015) MAXIMUM GENTLEMEN’S DISPUTE w/ Markiplier - See how Jordapper remembers the above events (Feb 10, 2015)
Others
MAKING LOVE FOR SENPAI | Yandere Simulator #14 - Yandereplier-chan shows her true colours in this kawaii intro! (Nov 13, 2016) Google Gets An Upgrade - With a ‘saaaahhh!’ and a visit to Googleplier’s, Bingiplier makes his obnoxious debut (May 20, 2017)
Are we gonna get bloopers? @markiplier
But on another note, if October 13 is Darkiplier’s “birthday”
then Antisepticeye is older than him by 3 days :D
Soooo for the audio post on the wkm tumblr could have been a hint to the séance. The squeaky door to her room, the lighting of candles, us/pov scribling down what we saw to her. Maybe it was just a hint to the future and a nod to the seer...
i’m going to take wilford’s gun and shoot myself in the foot if damien and the colonel are not dark and wilford.
Just imagine a world full of beautiful stained glass windows which also generate electricity…
[Oxford Photovoltaics]
I have a small favor to ask as I am v confused rn but could you post a brief description of the various gravity falls aus cus I know the names but I don't know what they're about so if you could inform me I'd be grateful please and thanks love~
Okay, this might take a bit.
TranscendenceAU -
Essentially, when Bill fails the apocalypse and is dying, hemakes one last desperate attempt to survive by trying to posses Dipper withouthis permission. Dipper fights back and by a hair’s chance manages to push theweakened Bill from his mind, killing the demon. Only, Bill has already rootedhimself too deeply into Dipper and all of Bill’s power remains in Dipper,turning him into a demon and forcing him out of the physical plain. Because ofhis human origin, Dipper is the only demon capable of becoming physical withouta rift, although it takes a while for him to figure out how. Now, while Billwas stopped from destroying the world, it was at the cost of the Transcendence.Pretty much the entire world becomes as magical as Gravity Falls and even moredangerous. Dipper becomes known as the demon Alcor and Mabel is his partner incult bashing partner Mizar. There’s a lot of world building (reincarnation,prejudice against non-humans, monsters in everyday life, thousands of years asAlcor, Uncle Dipper, angels, other demons, awesome new characters, etc…) andoverall, the blog is its own fandom that is constantly contributed to. TAU isthe largest, most organized, and highest quality AU that I have ever seen. It’shuge. And fantastic.
Here’sa longer summary. This is itswiki. ItsTVtropes page.
DemonicGuardians AU -
Here’sthe main comic behind it. Demons’ can have one human that if theybond with and protect, will make the demon stronger. There’s a catch though. Ifthe human dies, a part of the demon does too. The stronger the bond betweendemon and human, the more damage will be inflicted on the demon when the humandies. Not all humans have a demon, and not all demons have a human. A bunch ofthe cast of GF have demonic guardians, each character having a different levelof bond. Bill Cipher is Dipper’s guardian. Mabel’s is Dot Matrix (used to benamed Tad Strange; might recognize him as the square with the bowler hat).Gideon’s is Kryptos (the star on top his tent). Stanley has Pi Mo (looks kindalike a coin). Pacifica’s is the Lumberjack Ghost. There’s a whole lot of fanmade demons too. The creator isreally cool. Outside of Demonic Guardians AU, she’s made the Danny Phantomcrossover: YouSmell Like Death, the Over the Garden Wall crossover: GardenFalls, and her own really good comic: The Boy Who Fell.
MonsterFalls -
Dipper finds a magic stream called FluviusCantatis, some stuff happens, and everyone in the town gets turnedinto monsters. Dipper’s a Deertaur, Mabel’s a mermaid, Wendy’s a werewolf,Stanley’s a Gargoyle, Stanford’s a sphinx, Gideon’s a vampire, Robbie’s azombie, Soos is a clay homonculus/golem, Pacifica’s a gorgon, Bill’s…humanlike, etc… This AU is mostly fan art and fanfiction. Sometimes the monsterthat a character is turned into is different, but this list is what they’remost commonly depicted as.
Reverse Falls -
I have no idea where this AU came from??? All thecharacters in this have swapped rolls and personalities. Gideon Pines is a kidvisiting Gravity Falls with his cousin/best friend Pacifica Pines(orSoutheast). While there, they meet the psychic twins Mabel and Dipper Gleefulwho run the Tent of Telepathy. The twins are much darker and more powerful thanGideon from Gravity Falls. Will Cipher is an easily terrified Demon who justwants the twins to leave him alone. All the other character’s changes depend onthe artist/writer. Robbie and Wendy usually swap.
RelativityFalls -
This is essentially an age/generation swap. Twins Stanleyand Stanford go to spend the summer with their Grauntie Mabel. The main switchesare Mabel with Stanley, Dipper with Stanford, Wendy with Dan, Gideon with Bud, Pacificawith Preston, Abuelita(Maria) with Soos, etc… Most of the show is the same,with a few twists and the added personality of having a different character inwhatever situation.
Anti-GravityAU -
Though not to be mistaken for Relativity Falls, Anti-Gravityis also an age swap. Wendy and Soos are young kids who find Journal 3. Mabeland Dipper are teenagers who work for Grunkle Stan at the Mystery Shack.Pacifica has Robbie’s role (dating Dipper, to Wendy’s jealousy). Bud Gleefultakes Gideon’s place as Wendy and Soos’s enemy. Robbie is Soos’s bully. Otherthan that, all characters stay the same.
ReunionFalls -
Dipper and Mabel are separated at birth: Mabel growing upwith their parents in California and Dipper being raised by Grunkle Stan.Eventually, Mabel finds out about Dipper and runs off to Gravity Falls to meethim. Without a twin, Mabel, while still bright and cheerful, is less out goingwhile Dipper, growing up with Wendy and Stan as role models, is moreconfident. The AU is the twins getting to know each other and bonding.
OnlyChild AU -
Mabel is stillborn, making Dipper an only child. Because ofhis parent’s ever growing grief over losing a child, Dipper is often neglected.Dipper has the same personality as cannon, but it’s buried under self-worth issues,survivor’s guilt, need to be loved, and shyness. He’s a sad child who reallyjust needs a hug. He also knits sweaters; he always wears the red one he made(it looks a bit like Ford’s). The AU is Dipper’s stay at Gravity Falls withStan and eventually reaches to him growing up and gaining a little sister, babyMabel (who both he and his parent’s adore). The AU is all art right now, butthe creator is eventually going to make a fic for it.
Fright Falls -
Mabel gets turned into a vampire.Dipper gets turnedinto a werewolf. The AU is their adventures as creatures of thesupernatural. There’s a lot of cool art for the AU.
ImmortalPines AU -
Immortal Pines is a comic where Bill kills Mabel and Dipper,only to realize that it wasn’t what he wanted. He brings the twins back to lifeand makes them immortal by infusing them with his power. This means that theyonly exist in the dreamscape. The AU is them trying to get back to normalbefore they become too much like Bill. The artist is cool.
TwinDemons AU -
Mabel and Dipper are the Demons, while Bill ‘Billi’ is the12 year old human. Billi is an innocent, if lacking common sense, kid who’scome to Gravity Falls to stay with his Grunkle Stan. The twins are demons withbig plans that involve Billi, much to his horror.
BlindedAU
The Society of the Blind Eye doesn’t wipe Dipper’s memoriesof the supernatural, they wipe all his memory. The Society takes him in,indoctrinating him into their ways. Bill visits and uses Dipper as a spy. TheAU is an amnesic Dipper living with only the Society and Bill as company.
ApocalypseFalls
Mabel’s decision in Not What He Seems has catastrophicdamage on Gravity Falls. The Shack is destroyed and many peopleundergo….changes: physical, mental, even death. Dipper gains wings whileMabel’s mind spirals into madness. The AU just got rebooted, so the story-lineis unknown at the moment.
GravityRises -
Another swap AU, this time between personality and symbols.Mabel is Pine Tree, the intellectual and mystery obsessed twin. Dipper isShooting Star, the laid back and creative one. Stan and Ford switch. Pacificatakes Gideon’s role as Crescent Moon, the leader of the Order of the CrescentEye (Bill’s cult). She’s a sociopath and the main antagonist. Gideon takesPacifica’s role as Lone Wolf, the rich kid turned anti-hero. Terrifying withhis magic, even Bill is wary of Gideon. It’s a cool AU that’s very differentfrom the show even though it’s partially a personality swap.
Joseon AU -
An AU where Gravity Falls takes place in the Joseon Kingdomin Korea. Everyone wears traditional clothing of the time period and place ofthe Joseon Kingdom. The AU is mostly fan art.
Coven AU -
Mabel and Dipper are the apprentices of Grunkle Stan in awold where magic is common. Bill’s a magic cat.
GravityKeys -
In this AU, Gravity Falls is set in Key West, Florida. Mabelhas a chicken instead of a pig, but other than that, most things stay the same.
ChurchAU -
It’s Gravity Falls, but in a church. Bill is a demon. Billis in the Church. Dipper is just so angry at Bill. Things don’t go well.
Kitten DipperAU -
Dipper finds a comb that has a cat shaped handle. When hebrushes his hair with it, he gets turned into a kitten! The AU is Dipper thecat.
CarnivàleFalls
It’s the 1930s. Mabel and Dipper go to stay with theirGrunkle Stan at his traveling freak show. Gideon is a faith healer. The DustBowl is a problem.
SpyAU -
Stan and Ford are spys with Fiddleford building theirgadgets. They’re trying to take down the Cipher Organization.
CampCipher -
Gravity Falls, but as a summer camp. The teens arecounselors while all the kids are campers. Nice art.
Never Human AU
Stanley Pines was stillborn, replaced with a Fae orChangeling. When in Fae mode, Stan had six glowing green eyes. There’s someangst of Stan learning to deal with the fact that he’s a monster and notactually related to his family. It’s later revealed that Dipper is also Fae,which really freaks him out. Mabel is super accepting, so everything turns outfine. It’s a really great AU with fantastic fics and art.
GhostStan AU -
Stan is a level 10 ghost. It’s awesome, and Stanley makes agreat ghost. There’s a lot of sad. Stan’s dead. The AU has a whole bunch offanfiction and fanart.
JomlAU/Grim AU -
Stanley befriends the Grim, omen of death. As soon as Ford finds out what Stan’s done he freaks out because, well, Stanley has the omen of death as his pet. Really cute and funny AU. Got some angst too though. Also, Stan makes his own journal.
Frankenstan AU -
Stanley dies pre-portal opening. Ford, being the idiot that he is, bring Stan back to life Frankenstein style with the help of Fiddleford. This includes digging up Stan’s body. It’s also got a mystery trio vibe going for it.
Pro tip for adulting: being late isn’t a death sentence for 95% of things. All you gotta do is call the moment you realize you’re gonna be late, apologize, and then give another small apology when you get there. The thing people really don’t like about lateness is that it seems like the other person doesn’t value their time, and since calling shows that you value their time, that leaves only the mild inconvenience of waiting a bit for them to deal with
The world’s tiniest dragon must defend his hoard, a single gold coin, from those who would steal it.
So I work a retail job on top of many other jobs, and these two girls were in and out of my store at least 8 times. Which is sketchy and pretty much a give away that they were quite obviously stealing things, I’d see them stick their hands in their pockets or in their bags, but I was the only person at work today so I couldn’t stop checking people out in order to confront them…..which im sure they noticed.
Fast forward a few hours when they finally come back in, they had decided to purchase something to seem less suspicious. A 4$ pair of pearl earrings. At this point there is no one else in the store so I think Game On.
While they were scanning the shelves for anything else they might want, I’m looking at their pockets. I can clearly see the small ring through the fabric that they swiped earlier, the outline of tags shoved in their back pockets, amateurs.
Now for those of you that don’t know, I was stranded in Ireland for about a month with little to no money when I was a teenager and had to resort to being shady to get by till my cousin got me a ticket home.
Long story short, I am an excellent pick pocket. But I only use my powers for good instead of evil now.
So I followed them around the store pretending to bump into them as I put items back on the shelves, I stole NOT ONLY the product that they took, but everything in their back pockets. Now before you wag your finger at me just hold on a minute. They come to the register to get the one item they decided to pay for, and I’m smiling the whole time.
I tell them they price and then…I wait.
The one girl frantically patted her pockets, clearly confused and she looked at the other girl to ask “Where’s my money at?” This girl is clearly upset at this point and I suggested “Oh hey maybe you dropped it?” in the most sincere retail voice I can force my vocal cords to produce. Her and her friend drop to their knees and start searching for it. I let them continue like that for 10 minutes before I tell them that I had found it earlier and forgotten.
“You really should be careful the more you have in your pockets the easier it is for your money to fall out :)))))” I say, the statement unnerved them, they didn’t know if i KNEW or not. But they awkwardly shook it off with a laugh and I start to ring up the earrings again. BUT THIS TIME, I reach over the counter and start to ring up the items I had taken from their pockets. I dropped the tags on the counter and the merchandise hit the table hard, just like these girls mouths hit the floor.
You should have seen their faces it looked like someone had sucked the very essence right from their bodies. “Oh no she did not.” The one girl whispered as she checked her pockets yet again. Yes, Yes I did :) i’m beaming, their reaction added ten years to my lifespan. They apologize, laughing it off like it was a funny joke. But I’m not done yet.This time I look them dead in the eyes and go “Would you like me to ring out whats in your bags too before security gets here?”
Shock, pure dismay and anguish come over them, they look at each other. Each of them looks at me like I have personally came and shot their dogs. I AM LIVING, I’m reveling in the situation. Slowly, they lift their bags and dump out more products than Mary Poppins could shove in her bottomless purse. I start ringing it all up. They look horrified. A total of 400$ worth of items. I hold the fate of these girls in my hands and they know it. Over 200$ is a felony larceny charge. But I think they have suffered enough and jail is not fun so I present the ultimatum.
“You buy it all and I’ll let you go.”
and that is how I made all my sales goals and fucked with some shoplifters.
pairing you really love
pairing you couldn’t give a shit about even if you tried
Me doing nothing while my life falls apart
drawing
spongebob critical
Chrys Watches Got [x]
Someone in Paris: *Feeling bad* Hawk Moth: