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Astrophysics - Blog Posts
XD the comments below the minutephysics video gravitational waves explained
See Red Spot nearby photos from NASA's Juno Mission to Jupiter! https://goo.gl/oh2WAK
ABRACADABRA (A Broadband/Resonant Approach to Cosmic Axion Detection with an Amplifying B-field Ring Apparatus), consists of a series of magnetic coils, wound in the shape of a toroid, or donut, which is then encased in a layer of superconducting metal and kept at temperatures just above absolute zero. The scientists plan to use a highly sensitive magnetometer, placed inside the donut hole, to detect any signs of axions’ influence. MIT physicists are proposing a new experiment to detect a dark matter particle called the axion. If successful, the effort could crack one of the most perplexing unsolved mysteries in particle physics, as well as finally yield a glimpse of dark matter. Axions are hypothetical elementary particles that are thought to be among the lightest particles in the universe — about one-quintillionth the size of a proton. These ultralight particles are virtually invisible, yet if they exist, axions and other yet-unobserved particles may make up 80 percent of the material in the universe, in the form of dark matter. In a paper published online in Physical Review Letters, the MIT team proposes an experiment to detect axions by simulating an extreme astrophysical phenomenon known as a magnetar — a type of neutron star that generates an immensely powerful magnetic field. The physicists reasoned that in the presence of an axion such a huge magnetic field should waver ever so slightly, producing a second, vastly smaller magnetic field as a signature of the axion itself. The team consists of MIT associate professor of physics Jesse Thaler, MIT Pappalardo Fellow Benjamin Safdi, and Yonatan Kahn PhD ’15, now a postdoc at Princeton University. Together, they designed an experiment to recreate the physics of a magnetar in a controlled laboratory environment, using technology borrowed from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The core of the experiment, which they’ve named ABRACADABRA (A Broadband/Resonant Approach to Cosmic Axion Detection with an Amplifying B-field Ring Apparatus), consists of a series of magnetic coils, wound in the shape of a toroid, or donut, which is then encased in a layer of superconducting metal and kept in a refrigerator at temperatures just above absolute zero, to minimize external noise. The scientists plan to use a highly sensitive magnetometer, placed inside the donut hole, to detect any signs of axions’ influence. “Axions are very strange, counterintuitive particles,” Thaler says. “They’re extremely light, with feeble interactions, and yet this particle may dominate the matter budget of the universe and be five times more abundant by mass than ordinary matter. So we really had to think hard on whether these particles are in principle detectable using current technology. It’s extremely daunting.” A “tantalizing” particle If they are detected, axions may also explain an outstanding dilemma in particle physics, known as the Strong CP (charge parity) problem: Since the 1970s, scientists have grown increasingly puzzled over what Safdi describes as “the indifference of neutrons to electric fields.” Neutrons are elementary particles that are found in the nucleus of almost every atom in matter, and they do not carry a net charge. “We don’t expect neutrons to accelerate in the presence of an electric field because they don’t carry electric charge, but you might expect them to rotate,” Safdi says. “That’s because we expect them to have an electric dipole moment, where you can think of a neutron having a plus charge on one side and a minus charge on the other. But from our current understanding, this rotation effect does not exist, whereas theory says it should.” Scientists have hypothesized that this bizarre effect may be explained by the axion, which would somehow remove a neutron’s electric dipole moment. If so, the axion would modify electric and magnetic phenomena in a way that could be detectable experimentally. “It’s very tantalizing to say there might be a particle that serves this deep purpose, and even more so if we were to detect the presence of these particles in the form of dark matter,” Thaler says. The hunt is on Currently, Thaler says most axion hunting has been carried out by researchers at the University of Washington who are running the Axion Dark Matter Experiment, or ADMX. The experiment uses a resonant microwave cavity, set within a large superconducting magnet, to detect very weak conversions of axions to microwave photons. The experiment is tuned to look for axions within a specific range of around one quadrillionth the mass of a proton. Thaler and his team realized that they could extend this range, and look for much smaller, lighter particles, on the order of one quintillionth the mass of a proton, by recreating the physics of magnetars, in the lab. “The Strong CP problem is associated with whether a neutron’s spin responds to electric effects, and you can kind of think of a magnetar as one gigantic spin with big magnetic fields,” Thaler explains. “If axions are coming in and changing the properties of nuclear matter to resolve the Strong CP problem, maybe axions can interact with this magnetar and allow you to see it in a new way. So the subtle effects of axions should be amplified.” The team’s prototype design is surprisingly small — “about the palm of your hand,” Safdi says. The researchers, who are theoretical physicists by training, are now working with experimentalists at MIT to build the prototype, which is designed to generate a baseline magnetic field of about 1 tesla, comparable to current MRI machines. If axions are present, that field should waver slightly, producing a very tiny oscillation at a frequency that is directly related to the axion’s mass. Using a high-precision magnetometer, Thaler hopes to pick up that frequency and ultimately use it to identify the axion’s size. “Only recently have there been many good ideas to search for [low-frequency axions],” says Gray Rybka, an assistant professor of physics at the University of Washington and an ADMX researcher, who was not involved in the research. “The experiment proposed here builds on previous ideas and, if the authors are correct, may be the most practical experimental configuration that can explore some of the plausible lower-frequency axion regimes.” “We have an instrument that’s sensitive to many wavelengths, and we can tickle it with an axion of one particular wavelength, and ABRACADABRA will resonate,” Thaler says. “And we will be going into uncharted territory, where we could possibly see dark matter from this prototype. That would be amazing.” This research was supported, in part, by the U.S. Department of Energy and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.
Neutrino spotted blasting out a black hole
In a distant galaxy, a supermassive black hole ripped a star to bits, sending out an enormous blast of energy. For the first time, researchers have observed a neutrino that probably came from this type of cataclysm, which is called a tidal disruption event or TDE. According to my hypothesis the two forces inside the black hole could cause this. Its the below absolute zero temperature and the motion faster than the speed of light . The temperature under absolute zero cases the atoms to stall which neutralizes the power that holds the components of the atom together and causes it to split in addition to the high speed.
https://www.newscientist.com/article/2268724-weve-spotted-a-neutrino-blasted-out-by-a-black-hole-shredding-a-star/?utm_term=Autofeed&utm_campaign=echobox&utm_medium=social&utm_source=Facebook&fbclid=IwAR3ItpqHmgj1boUI8eIXD1NrLs2UQ7KEAcPK75xHGqOhkiKbi2tFwjkWktM#Echobox=1614384150
The Schwarzschild radius theory
The Schwarzschild radius theory could be wrong as the mass can't be compressed that contradicts the laws of physics as the internal force inside the atom wouldn't allow it, there will be a nuclear fusion and energy. But when the star collapses two different things happen: a gravitational wave pulling the surrounding matter due to the vacuum happened and at the same time the emission of the remaining gasses from the collapsed star escaping from the center of the black hole making a 90 degrees angle in the form of a jet. And here we see the matter ejected from the center and don’t form a high density sphere as the Schwarzschild theory imagine, there is no matter left in the center. Source: https://www.space.com/baby-black-holes-misbehaving-experts-perplexed
How possible a black hole 6.5 billion times the MASS of the sun
Black holes can get so big as they consume a whole galaxy and killing the suns in the galaxy turning to a cluster of black holes and combined they form a galaxy sized black hole, like a kind of chain reaction.
https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=217541880090753&set=gm.928674257875896
https://earthsky.org/space/group-black-holes-found-globular-cluster-ngc-6397?fbclid=IwAR31a2lWpOpBHiOjML_qGcaBWWSJrl0pj6LG7IUlFBbQBTwfFrd5jRxF1OM
These beautiful mysterious black holes
These beautiful mysterious dark object in the universe could be the most important element in the creation of new worlds, they could be themselves endless big bangs. The astrophysics and mathematics made it possible to detect them but couldn’t tell much about the process and why we can't see them directly. Only some logic and fantasy cant solve some puzzles. So I would like to share a hypothesis of mine about the issue. Every solar system and galaxy must have a beginning and an end as the central power in the form of a star losses energy what ever we call this episode supper nova or what else it collapses suddenly in femtosecond like switching off the light creating a huge vacuum and a huge vortex with escalating speed pure mechanics, the speed can be mathematically calculated by comparing the size of the star to the time needed to reach the size of zero. In such a case the center becomes like the hollow eye of a storm and the speed gets bellow the speed of light therefore they cant be seen. Faster than contradicts Einstein because it's a matter of mechanics and not physics a movement in void no resistance plus the huge gravitational wave created. The black hole doesn't create heat but the temperature gets below absolute zero therefore no heat detected. This cause the planets to break in different sizes but no melting as there is no heat. the rocks obtain their characters or get harder but the fluids and gasses change their atomic structure due to the huge forces inside the black holes and that's the work of physics creating gemstones and heavy matter. The black hole start to lose energy and slows down spreading it's matter around creating new worlds. It's a huge recycling machine creating matter for the new worlds. We notice that some planets still have rings even Uranus has these rings with their moons and dust and different sizes of rocks are remnants of black, even our earth probably had rings but were swallowed by the gravity. The collisions of the falling rocks create melting of the planets and even the sun. Lot of our earth crust are probably such rocks and dust that fall on earth later as the earth became bigger and could pull the rocks. The babbles and sand grains should be remnants of that event even the granite that is covering many parts of the world is a compressed matter by high speed rotation a kind of snow ball effect and no sign of melting to assume that it's of volcanic origin. The grains inside the granite are solidified gasses and fluids that have been compressed. Which means that our earth contains parts of planets in the same state the were before destruction and even live building blocks. That's my simple logic easy explanation for what could have happened inside the black hole. https://www.cnet.com/news/astronomers-watch-black-hole-spaghettify-and-devour-a-star-in-real-time/?UniqueID=0F717D3A-4B8A-11EB-8BE5-16A896E8478F&ftag=COS-05-10aaa0a&ServiceType=facebook_page&TheTime=2020-12-31T17%3A03%3A10&PostType=link&fbclid=IwAR3fDfAP_j8Ksz5R58aiGDBrk8_SfqP3IkqIVUarI2LASBrtb5ENI-Rfvoc
A Black Hole Ejects A Star Out Of The Milky Way Galaxy!
Another discovery showing that black holes are not only swallowing matter but also ejecting it at high speed. We see that the black hole controls the speed of the objects influenced by the speed and gravitational force inside which could create a centrifugal force throwing matter near the edge of the black hole away.
https://www.space.com/star-ejected-milky-way-black-hole-superfast-speed.html
Gem stones created in space
As a proved for my hypothesis that gem stones have been created in space under extreme physics conditions and not due to volcanic activities and that’s probably what happened to the petrified dinosaur bone. A dying star with a mass similar to the Sun is capable of producing a structure on par with the appeal of these beautiful gems. A new image of a bubble of ultra-hot gas at the center of one of these expiring stars, a planetary nebula in our galaxy called IC 4593. At a distance of about 7,800 light years from Earth 4593 has X-rays from Chandra in purple, invoking similarities to amethysts found in geodes around the globe. The bubble detected by Chandra is from gas that has been heated to over a million degrees. These high temperatures were likely generated by material that blew away from the shrunken core of the star and crashed into gas that had previously been ejected by the star. This composite image also contains visible light data from the Hubble Space Telescope (pink and green). The pink regions in the Hubble image are the overlap of emission from cooler gas composed of a combination of nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen, while the green emission is mainly from nitrogen. According to my hypothesis that the water or Oxygen in the dinosaur bones is what have been converted to an opalised bone and the different colors within the petrified bones is due to the minerals in the fluids inside the bone and not from the soil covering the fossil. Source: https://phys.org/news/2020-11-cosmic-amethyst-dying-star.html?fbclid=IwAR0Njf6XNdLqCDNWrouPgFDCPjcQOSbtrThQnyN5HWJA6JUMtOX0k940sro
Why shouldn’t the black holes have cooler temperature than absolute zero?
About my hypothesis that the black holes could not only rotate in a speed faster than the speed of light but also cooler than the absolute zero, scientists found the coldest natural place in the universe, It’s the Boomerang Nebula. The Boomerang Nebula is so young that it expels gas at a furious pace. This outrush not only blocks the cosmic microwaves that might otherwise warm it, but it also carries heat away. Even in normal terrestrial life, we see examples of how expanding gas has a chilling effect (discharging a can of whipped cream or tire-inflation gas makes that container feel colder in your hand). Here in the constellation Centaurus, an impressive 5,000 light-years away, the newly minted planetary nebula expands so rapidly that the Boomerang has a temperature of only –458° F (–272° C), a mere 1° above absolute zero. This is the only known object whose temperature is naturally lower than the background radiation of the universe. That means that there could be cooler places in the universe we could,t detect like the black holes. Such cool temperatures have been reached in a lab and the cosmic forces in space can do the same. Earthly laboratories using clever processes have actually attained this sort of perfect cold (to within a billionth of a degree), that’s in the Wolfgang Ketterle’s lab at MIT. That means that the possibility of cooler places is there but still undetected. So my hypothesis is not just a fantasy but supported by credible scientific works. According to this study here what could happen to the dying sun spews out at least 10 times more material yearly than normal for the early stages of a nascent planetary nebula. This “wind” blows at more than 300,000 mph (483,000 km/h), carrying the super cold gas away from the dying star before it becomes a black hole In time, this star should grow much hotter before it finally peaks, collapses, and settles into the ultimate white dwarf state that is the destiny of all planetary nebula progenitors. Then, the current extreme cold will be replaced by its exact opposite. The study says “Not so long ago, space itself was thought to register absolute zero, the temperature at which all atomic jiggling terminates, except for some quantum effects. Because heat is simply the movement of atoms, the coldest anything can be is when all such motion has stopped. This happens at –459.67° Fahrenheit (–273.15° Celsius), or 0 kelvin, by definition.” , I am going to reverse this and say that the high speed in the black hole caused the decrease of the temperature inside the black hole to below zero and stalled the motion in the atoms to zero energy which couldn’t be detected.
Source: https://astronomy.com/magazine/weirdest-objects/2015/02/46-boomerang-nebula?utm_source=asyfb&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=asyfb&fbclid=IwAR1T6yqqZoWYxWUI1T_f15bGy4eb-ngaAOoet50ogSmeL0btMWnmet2mWXo
Black holes and earth
Back to my hypothesis about the role that black holes could played a main role in the formation of our earth and that a lot of matter on the earth crust are left overs from a black hole and probably much younger than we think.
Above are Chinese astronomers inspect a big stony-iron meteorite that was found in Altay prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, on July 17, 2011. The above-earth part of the rock is 2.2 meters long and 1.25 meters tall. The location of the meteorite shows that it fall with the rest of the boulders as it didn't cause any damage to the other boulders.
This meteorite is found among other granite boulders or meteorites on the top of it. Which is a rare case but is an evidence that these granite bodies when they were in space they pulled the iron meteorite while falling on earth, the iron meteorite was a part of the cluster moving together.
I would say that after the black hole started to eject matter into space or a planet explosion there was a kind of asteroid belt orbiting the earth similar to the asteroid belt located roughly between the orbits of the planets Mars and Jupiter or even Uranus. But here we see that granite didn’t exist from lava as the iron meteorite should be a part of the formation. But I would like to no if you have any different explanation how could the granite top the iron meteorite. Fact not fiction.
Source:
http://europe.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2011-07/19/content_12933332.htm
https://geulogy.com/altay-meteorite-xinjiang-china-iron/
https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-news/massive-meteorite-found-inchina/
Physics homework? What is that.
Staying up all night to study every astronomy and astrophysics related things, dreaming about what's hiding behind the dust clouds and void, letting your mind wonder through the shadows? That's it, that's my ideal life.
The Science Has Spoken: Pluto Will Never Be A Planet Again
“What’s perhaps most remarkable is that we can make a simple, mathematical relationship between a world’s mass and its orbital distance that can be scaled and applied to any star. If you’re above these lines, you’re a planet; if you’re below it, you’re not. Note that even the most massive dwarf planets would have to be closer to the Sun than Mercury is to reach planetary status. Note by how fantastically much each of our eight planets meets these criteria… and by how much all others miss it. And note that if you replaced the Earth with the Moon, it would barely make it as a planet.”
It was a harsh lesson in astronomy for all of us in 2006, when the International Astronomical Union released their official definition of a planet. While the innermost eight planets made the cut, Pluto did not. But given the discovery of large numbers of worlds in the Kuiper belt and beyond our Solar System, it became clear that we needed something even more than what the IAU gave us. We needed a way to look at any orbiting worlds around any star and determine whether they met a set of objective criteria for reaching planetary status. Recently, Alan Stern spoke up and introduced a geophysical definition of a planet, which would admit more than 100 members in our Solar System alone. But how does this stand up to what astronomers need to know?
As it turns out, not very well. But the IAU definition needs improving, too, and modern science is more than up to the challenge. See who does and doesn’t make the cut into true planetary status, and whether Planet Nine – if real – will make it, too!
Coming back from school and watching carl sagan's cosmos is how i heal 🫶🏻
wanting to study statistics, astrophysics, aerospace engineering, aeronautical engineering, mathematics and bio chemistry all at the same time<<
A spacescape. Flying by on a spaceship 🛸
So, my family is Greek, and my grandmother, who grew up in Athens, was named Urania. And funnily enough, I’m now in university majoring in Astrophysics. I’ve always found that coincidence kind of funny and this is a cool aesthetic!
(Also, Urania is pronounced like Oo-rah-nee-uh, if anyone wonders)
Urania
